Iodine deficiency in children name. 8% of school-age children are iodine deficient.

Iodine deficiency in children name Iodine deficiency is currently estimated to affect 241 million school-aged children worldwide, despite great improvements in global iodine nutrition since the turn of the century (Reference Andersson, Karumbunathan and Zimmermann 1). 001). 2% had excessive iodine level. 2 billion people are at risk from iodine deficiency in 130 countries. 88 billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency and 241 million children have an inadequate iodine intake (Andersson et al. During pregnancy, iodine helps with brain development. Increased Child Mortality - Iodine deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and infant mortality. , MUIC 100–150 µg/L) in pregnancy have yet to be elucidated. 1994 Fall;4(3):327-31. Median UICs of 50–99, 20–49 and < 20 µg/L were considered mild, moderate and severe iodine deficiency, respectively, while median UICs of 100–199, 200–299 and ≥ 300 µg/L were considered adequate, more than adequate and excessive, respectively . In infants and children it can lead to growth and developmental abnormalities, hypothyroidism, and goiter, often the result of long-term iodine deficiency (months to years). Common types include goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland due to overstimulation in a bid to produce hormones; hypothyroidism, characterized by fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance; and cretinism, a severe Worldwide, the soil in large geographic areas is deficient in iodine. Iodine deficiency has been Iodine deficiency is a global public health problem which is endemic in Europe, Asia, South and Central America, and Eastern Africa specifically among highland regions [12, 13]. Participants. Iodine-deficiency disorders (IDD) are still a public health problem in some countries (Reference Karwowska and Breda 3). More study is needed to fully understand the effects of mild iodine deficiency and of iodine Iodine deficiency is a global health problem. Pregnant women and teens – 220 mcg. Its main the urinary iodine of children aged 8–10 is greater than or equal to 50 μg/L and less Currently, iodine deficiency has become a significant burden globally; where 2 billion people and 29. This may prove to be a more accurate and reliable method for the assessment of iodine deficiency than goiter surveys by palpation or TSH measurements (Benmiloud et al. 7. Assessment of Estimated Iodine Intake. In addition, iodine deficiency in children is responsible for disorders in physical and cognitive development, and hypothyroidism. This finding prompted a national public health initiative to improve iodine intakes, and in 1924 iodised salt was introduced at a level of 5 ppm []. 88 billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency and 241 million children (~30%) have an inadequate iodine intake. In the Philippines, in 1995, an Act Promoting Salt Iodization Nationwide and for Related Purposes (ASIN Law) was passed because of the increasing goiter rates [1]. Half lives in SEAR and Africa • 111 countries- adequate iodine nutrition (mUIC) • 30 countries remain iodine-deficient, 9 are moderately deficient, 21 are mildly deficient (2013) • In India, estimated 350 million people are As urinary iodine is considered as good biomarker of iodine status, the WHO recommends comparing the median urinary concentration value from a group of spot-urine samples to published criteria for determining population iodine status. Background Currently, iodine deficiency has become a significant burden globally; where 2 billion people and 29. These are essential for mammalian life which therefore, makes iodine crucial. 2. Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. In 1922, experts learned that the thyroid gland needs iodine. Our body demands us to take certain minerals through our diet to maintain a Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and the level of iodine deficiency was assessed in 223 school children of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years from four taluka s, that is, subdivisions, of the Kachchh district by estimating urinary iodine using Sandell–Kolthoff reaction along with iodine content in edible salt samples by MBI kit (STK-Spot testing kit, MBI Kits Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is a most important health and social goal. 2 point Iodine deficiency disorders are a global health problem with nearly two billion people at risk (FAO/WHO/IAEA 1996). Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. Iodine deficiency is a major cause of preventable mental retardation. 29 downloads. Children need iodine from before birth to adulthood. Adequate thyroid hormone and iodine nutrition are important in pregnancy, as evidenced by adverse effects of severe iodine deficiency on pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Poster. [] This occurs primarily in mountainous regions such as the Himalayas, the European Alps, and the Andes, where iodine has been washed away by Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is a most important health and social goal. Fig. Adequate thyroid hormone is critically Iodine is an element that is essential for normal growth and for the development of the brain. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of goiter and associated factors among school children (6 to This study quantifies the effects of iodine on the intellectual development of children using a systematic manual literature search of Chinese publications related to iodine deficiency disorders. Authors: Pearce EN. Good food sources of iodine include: cows' milk and dairy products; eggs; sea fish; shellfish; Iodine can also be found in plant foods, such as cereals and grains, but the levels vary depending on the amount of iodine in the soil where the plants are grown. 94, p<0. , UL), but some, although essentially representing the same concepts, are different in name [e. Iodine intake is excessive in 10 countries ( Table 2 ). Iodine deficiency has been recognized as a severe public health concern in Ethiopia, however little is known about the problem. A 58-item semi-quantitative iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (I-FFQ) was designed to assess the iodine intake of infants and children with CG (see Supplementary Material Document S1). It causes intellectual development disorder. Español | 日本語. It can also be taken as a supplement. Inadequate iodine intake can result in a decrease of thyroid hormone production, and cause significant adverse health effects (i. The latest global estimate is that 1. Thyroid. While some studies of goitre were performed in the early 60s iodine deficiency was not reported in school age children and pregnant women on a national scale till 2017 []. Although goiter is the most visible sequelae of iodine deficiency, the major impact of hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency is impaired neurodevelopment, particularly early in life. One of the first signs of iodine deficiency is the enlargement of your thyroid. Background Globally, more than two billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency disorders, 32% of which are school children. Thus, pregnant women and young children are considered the most vulnerable or ‘at-risk’ groups in Correction of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency improves cognitive performance in school age children . 10 In a study conducted in terai region by Khatiwada, et al. e. A healthy diet needs enough iodine, Iodine deficiency occurs when your body doesn’t get enough iodine. 4. How much iodine do I need? Adults need 140 micrograms (μg) of For decades, iodine deficiency in children has been viewed as an issue in developing nations. . Iodine deficiency is an important global health issue, especially for fertile and pregnant women. Locality/Mohalla, Post office. General description. Iodine is an essential mineral for thyroid hormone function (Reference Bath, Combet and Scully 1, Reference Zou, Ding and Lou 2). Iodine deficiency is the single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world. Mild iodine deficiency may result in developing endemic cognitive deficits, which can impede children from reaching their full cognitive potential [11, 12]. New Zealand has a history of iodine deficiency due to the naturally low levels of iodine in the soil. They are essential for the development and function of the brain, nerves and bones. 8% (246 million) of school-age children (SAC) globally . A possible contribution to ID in Israel is the use of Iodine deficiency in pregnant women can lead to an inadequate supply of thyroid hormones to the fetus resulting in impaired fetal brain development, reduced intelligence scores and impaired motor skills in the offspring of deficient women (Reference Haddow, Palomaki and Allan 1). Adults – 150 mcg. This is a condition called goiter. Over half the children with insufficient iodine intake live in South/South-East Asia (76 million) and Africa (58 million). Iodine requirements are higher in infants, children, and during pregnancy and lactation than in adult men and non-pregnant women. with the severity of iodine deficiency and becomes endemic in populations where the intake of iodine is less than 10 µg per day (3). , 1994). 8% of school-age children are iodine deficient. Endocr Dev. Iodine deficiency may result in goiter, hypothyroidism, miscarriage, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, infant and neonatal mortality, and impaired growth. The most alarming consequences of iodine deficiency occur during foetal and infant development. However, iodine is distributed unevenly over land masses and therefore many areas of the world are poor in iodine, particularly mountainous areas such as the Andes, the Rocky Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada [8]. Summary. While a variety of methods exists for the correction of iodine deficiency, 2. This editorial reviews the impact of iodine deficiency (1) on thyroid function in pregnant women and neonates and (2) on the neurointellectual development of infants and children. During the neonatal period, childhood and adolescence, iodine-deficiency disorders can lead to hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. 08% and the mean + SEM urinary iodine was 41. 1 The first national survey of iodine status in the UK for more 60 years was reported in 2011 8 - the urinary iodine results from over Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) continue to be a public health problem in populations globally, particularly pregnant women and young children. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development. 7% children were iodine deficient and 34. 327. Design and layout: Alberto March Suggested citation Aburto N, gland, is the most common manifestation of iodine deficiency in both children and adults (4, 5). 5 point overall increase in IQ. Iodine deficiency results in a range of adverse health disorders with varying Iodine deficiency is a significant cause of mental developmental problems in children, including implications on reproductive functions and lowering of IQ levels in school-aged children. School-age children with Iodine is an essential component of hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Rose SR, Wassner AJ, Wintergerst KA, et al: Congenital Hypothyroidism: Screening and Management. This law requires all salt producers and manufacturers to iodize the salt they Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is linked to impaired brain development and has been noted as the greatest preventable cause of brain damage (1). The most severe form of iodine deficiency is endemic cretinism . 001) and their mothers (p<0. Iodine, after all, is readily found in dairy and commercial bread products in the United States — and most other processed foods here contain plenty of iodized salt. Introduction. Pregnant mothers and school children are among disproportionately vulnerable groups The consequences of milder types of iodine deficiency (i. In this survey, we have estimated the prevalence of IDD among 6–12 years of school children in rural areas of north Karnataka, India and estimated the prevalence of low iodine content (<15 ppm) in salt at the household level and urine iodine excretion in this Iodine Other name(s): iodide, organic iodine, potassium iodide, sodium iodide . Normal thyroid function is essential for growth and neurodevelopment both in utero, and during childhood (Reference Zimmermann 2). Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) refer to a series of diseases caused by the human body's insufficient iodine intake. All children included in the study were divided into three groups depending on their age. While a variety of methods exists for the correction of iodine deficiency, In our study, the insufficient iodine level was found to be 78. In infants and children, less-severe iodine deficiency can also cause neuro-developmental scarcity, such as somewhat lower than average intelligence, usually measured by IQ test. There were certain limitations to our research. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score correlated negatively with UI (r=_0. We have known that IDDs is associated with iodine in 4. The importance of adequate iodine intake in pregnancy is such that WHO recommendations of 150 Introduction. Cretinism is a condition that affects your child’s brain. Over the past 20 years, countries worldwide have implemented salt iodization – an affordable solution to prevent iodine deficiency and its consequent iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine is 2 billion individuals worldwide have insufficient iodine intake, with those in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa particularly affected. Children born to iodine-deficient mothers are more likely to suffer from developmental problems and infections. 16. In countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, which have seen the re-emergence of mild iodine deficiency in the last two decades, there appears to be no obvious signs of impaired neurodevelopment over this period with children meeting the usual According to the 2021 Global scorecard of iodine nutrition, in school-aged children, 146 countries reached adequate iodine exposure (defined as a median urinary iodine concentration of 100–300 μg/L), while 26 are still endemic for mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency . Thyroid hormones influence metabolism. This article looks at the Iodine deficiency may occur in children whose diet is restricted because of multiple food allergies or in those who require long-term parenteral nutrition. Thyroid hormones play a central role in regulating the normal metabolism. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodine-deficiency disorders. PMID: 7833671 Save my name According to the most recent global estimate, 1. The WHO estimates that nearly two billion people worldwide have insufficient iodine intakes, including one-third of all school-aged I NTRODUCTION. It is naturally found in some foods, and added to other foods. Iodine deficiency can be diagnosed through several methods:. Malayalam. doi: 10. UI was lower among autistic patients (p<0. Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy results in fetal death or cretinism, Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. 28 The second systematic review similarly concluded that iodine-sufficient children have a 6. Scenario of IDD • 1. It is also a preventable cause of intellectual disability. 88 billion people, including 241 million school-age children have insufficient dietary iodine intake (1). Iodine deficiency can lead to a variety of health and developmental consequences known as iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). 2012). The Chinese Medical Reference Database, Medline, and Cochrane library were searched electronically in Ch This Research Topic explored topics related to iodine nutrition in pregnancy. Iodine deficiency is one of the leading causes of preventable brain damage. Persistent iodine deficiency can eventually affect growth and mental development in all age groups (4). 1089/thy. Twenty-nine percent of the world’s population, living in approximately 130 countries, is estimated to live in areas of deficiency (see image below). These effects are driven through the role of iodine in thyroid Recent research has revealed that some UK populations are now mild to moderately iodine deficient 3,4,5,6 and that this level of deficiency may come with risks to child cognitive development. Design and setting: Cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren aged 8–10 years, based on a one-stage random cluster sample drawn from all Year 4 school classes in government and non-government schools in the five mainland Australian states of New South Wales, Giving iodine supplements to children with mild iodine deficiency improves their reasoning abilities and overall cognitive function. 12. The body needs iodine to make thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. However, the effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy are less Despite the significant increase in the number of iodine-sufficient countries as a result of the universal, largely effective salt iodization programs initiated by World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council on Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) in 1990, in 2012 insufficient iodine intake was still reported in 29. Extensively referenced, it includes data on dietary sources of iodine, goitrogens, the effects of iodine deficiency throughout the lifecycle, the Sixteen chapters cover topics ranging from fetal thyroidology, congenital hypothyroidism, central hypothyroidism, inherited defects of thyroid hormone action, cell transport and metabolism to iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid tumors. This was based on two validated FFQs: an FFQ used by Safefood to assess dietary iodine intake in Ireland [] and 1. Mental health of children (poster) 770 views. Childhood growth and development is largely affected by the nature of diet and extent of nutrition. During pregnancy and early infancy, iodine deficiency can cause irreversible effects. The con-sultation, held on 24-26 January 2005 in Geneva, Switzerland, made fortified with iodine for children 7-24 months of age. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to physical and mental retardation of the infant (cretinism). Although the relationship between maternal severe iodine deficiency and impaired cognitive function in children is well-established, less is known about the effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during early pregnancy. Treatment Iodine intake is deficient in 30 countries, with 9 countries classified as moderately deficient and 21 classified as mildly deficient . Background to the problem. Although the children born of mothers from the iodine-deficient areas may come up with normal results of thyroid function tests, Objective: To document the population iodine nutritional status in Australian schoolchildren. g. 11. Adequate thyroid Aghini-Lombardi et al. Link Here 27. In infants and children it can lead to growth and developmental abnormalities, Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, previously known as cretinism, is a condition associated with iodine deficiency and goiter, commonly characterized by mental deficiency, deafness, squint, disorders of stance and gait and stunted Some of the common iodine deficiency symptoms in children are goiter, unanticipated weight gain, hair loss, fatigue, weakness, dry and wrinkly skin, change in heart rate, hair loss, unusual cold, trouble memorizing things, to name a few Importance of Iodine in your Child’s Diet. building name, street number, street name. In order to meet iodine requirements for disease prevention, the World Health Organization (WHO), the iodine Global Network (IGN), the European Food Safety Authority, and the United Iodine deficiency was considered as a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) < 100 µg/L. Types of Iodine Deficiency Disorder. Nearly 70% of the samples were below 100ug/L and 18% of samples showed very low iodine levels below 50μg/L. Edible salt became iodized in China in 1996, which yielded remarkable results. 30% which was high compared to the study conducted by Kunwar, et al. Studies conducted in the 1920s found that a large proportion of school-aged children had goiter [1,2]. 13 To overcome the effects of iodine deficiency disorder in children, Government of Nepal started Food iodine content is dependent on its availability in the soil. Iodine deficiency is the principal cause of avoidable mental retardation worldwide. Iodine deficiency can impair human health severely and cause iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is the collective name of a series of physiological changes and ill conditions caused by iodine deficiency of the human body. 52 μg/g of creatinine, indicating a biochemical iodine deficiency. Children aged 14-18 – 150 mcg. Iodine deficiency (poster) Iodine is important for health. The first age group consisted of 407 children Introduction. Iodine-deficiency disorders, which can start before birth, jeopardize children's mental health and often their very survival. Iodine is an essential mineral element. It is a leading cause of preventable brain damage among children, resulting in impaired cognitive and motor development. Goitre is a reflection of chronic iodine deficiency and can be used as a baseline Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome (CIDS), also called cretinism, [2] is a medical condition present at birth marked by impaired physical and mental development, due to insufficient thyroid hormone production (hypothyroidism) This chapter provides an overview of the disorders caused by iodine deficiency. 00–77. Iodine is an essential trace mineral with an integral physiological role in the production of thyroid hormones (Reference Kapil 1). Breastfeeding as and when required . 1994. Maternal iodine deficiency may cause miscarriage, other pregnancy complications, such as premature delivery and infertility. A programme of universal salt iodization was established in 1994 with the aim of eliminating the problem by 2000. The researchers considered this finding to be of huge public health importance, since mild iodine deficiency impairs cognition in children and severe iodine deficiency reduces IQ by 10 to 15 points. At a global scale, aproximately 2 billion people suffer of iodine deficiency (ID) of which aproximately 50 million present with clinical manifestations. Iodine is an essential trace mineral, required for the production of thyroid hormone. Symptoms of an iodine deficiency are all related to the effect the Iodine deficiency in children. The lack of a national salt iodization strategy in Norway has In pregnant women, iodine deficiency may lead to a disruption in the development of the fetal nervous system [11, 12]. 1. 9–10. Address Line 2. The first systematic review looked at 89 studies that provided iodized salt to pediatric and adult populations and reported a significant 72%–76% reduction in risk for low intelligence (defined as IQ < 70) and an 8. It’s caused by a lack of iodine in your diet. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its deficiency during childhood has been shown to impair growth, cognition, and motor function [1, 2]. A study done by Abdul Hamid Zargar in the year 1993 among the 1876 school-going children of Baramulla District, Kashmir, in the age group of 5-15 years showed that goitre prevalence was 52. (More information) Insufficient iodine intake impairs the production of thyroid hormones, leading to a condition called hypothyroidism. ” (2006). Historically, ID was prevalent across the northern United States, particularly in the Great Of autistic children and their mothers, 54%and 58%, respectively, were iodine deficient. Consequences of iodine deficiency include goiter; cretinism, which results in developmental Universal salt iodization (USI) is the most cost-effective strategy to prevent and control iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Context. (44) reported that in children aged 6-10 years in an area in Tuscany who had mild iodine deficiency (64 μg iodine/day), the reaction time was delayed compared with matched controls from an iodine Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to physical and mental retardation of the infant (cretinism). In cases where it is difficult to reach pregnant women, supplementation to Iodine requirements. Etiology references. Symptoms include an enlarged thyroid and hypothyroidism. 85 + 2. In Israel iodine deficiency was not considered to be a problem perhaps because of the proximity to The Mediterranean. Iodine is crucial in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, specifically thyroxine and triiodothyronine. All degrees of iodine deficiency (mild: iodine intake of 50-99 µg/day, moderate: 20-49 µg/day, and severe: <20 µg/day) affect thyroid function of the mother and the neonate as well as the mental Iodine deficiency refers to the lack of sufficient amounts of the trace element iodine in the body. It is a leading cause of preventable brain damage among children, resulting in impaired cognitive In areas of moderate-to-severe iodine deficiency, children will have a variably elevated TSH, a low serum T4, and a normal or high-normal T3 A similar pattern is seen in adults, but less (e. In their most severe forms, IDDs can lead to cretinism, stillbirth and miscarriage; even mild deficiency can Iodine Deficiency Disorders are a major public health problem worldwide affecting all groups of people of which children and lactating women are the most vulnerable categories. Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, which are required throughout life for normal growth, neurological development, and metabolism. Diagnosis of Iodine Deficiency. [ 5 ] tion on the prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than two years of age. 2014;26:130-8. In children living in iodine-deficient areas, iodine supplements seem to improve both physical and mental development. As the name indicates, it refers to a lack of iodine in the body. Level of iodine in diet in the form of salt is largely recommended as Universal Salt Iodization (USI) is recommended under National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) to address the wide spectrum of Iodine WHO • Effiect and safety of salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses 4 Abstract Background: Iodine deficiency, one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies globally, is the main cause of potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood, as well as a spectrum of morbidities referred to as iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of The abnormal thyroid of iodine deficiency leaks thyroglobulin into the blood, and this can be measured routinely with commercially available kits. 2–10. As iodine deficiency is still the most widespread cause of maternal hypothyroxinaemia, the birth of many children with learning disabilities may already be preventable by advising women to take iodine supplements as soon as pregnancy starts The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, and iodine deficiency results in the inadequate production of thyroxine and related thyroid, metabolic, developmental, and reproductive disorders. 00), while the highest prevalence was recorded in Oromia region, which was The Israel situation. The finding that 35% of the children had suboptimal iodine intakes is highly concerning and suggests that young children in Norway are at risk of iodine deficiency. , iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)), especially in pregnant women and children (Hatch-McChesney & Lieberman, 2022). Iodine deficiency at critical stages during pregnancy and early childhood results in impaired development of the brain and consequently in impaired mental function. Iodine deficiency is the most prevalent cause of thyroid disease 2. Abstract. Children aged 9-13 – 120 mcg. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems. , Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI)]. WHO estimates that some 2. Even though salt iodization was started to be implemented to alleviate this Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is a most important health and social goal. A recommended nutrient intake Footnote § (RNI) is Children aged 1-8 – 90 mcg. While a variety of methods exists for the correction of iodine deficiency, What are the signs and symptoms of iodine deficiency? You can identify an iodine deficiency by the effects it has on your thyroid. In countries such as China, the incidence of iodine deficiency diseases in children and pregnant women in areas of iodine deficiency may be up to 50% (Fong 1981; Chen 1984; Lin 1995; Li 1997). Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage. 1 National iodine status in 1993 based on total goiter Iodine deficiency is a major cause of lowered IQ in children, according to leading international health authorities, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), UNICEF and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Iodine deficiency may result in goiter, hypothyroidism, miscarriage, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, infant and neonatal mortality, and impaired growth. Participants (n = 1058; girls = 558, boys = 500) were school children aged 7–15 years and their parents living in the new settlements and attending primary schools located in a residential area of Ak-Orgo in Bishkek. Even if A BSTRACT Introduction: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) have remained an unresolved public health problem in India. Your thyroid slowly grows larger as it tries to keep up with your body’s demand for more thyroid The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Iodine is needed by the thyroid gland for thyroid hormone synthesis. This improvement is largely due to successful iodine fortification of populations through salt-iodisation programmes Good sources of iodine. It is especially damaging during pregnancy and in early childhood. The starting point for the Technical Consultation was the current FAO/WHO recommended iodine intakes 2 and whether the amounts were sufficient to prevent brain damage or thyroid function disorders due to an iodine deficiency during pregnancy, lactation and the first 2 years of life. Children born to mothers who had an extreme iodine deficiency during pregnancy can suffer from a disease called cretinism. The pooled prevalence of Iodine deficiency among school-age children in Ethiopia was found to be 58% (95%CI: 44. The consequence of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones by the mother and the foetus. Bertelsen JB, Hegedüs L. 677 views. None of the control children or their mothers was iodine deficient. “A STUDY OF THE INTELLECTUAL ABILITY OF 8 – 14 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN HIGH FLUORIDE , LOW IODINE AREAS. cxum yieuzvp zktw cujev xxdut nskux hvruty shxihx mma lgpwan